Neuroscience/Objectives/Lecture 36
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Objectives: 27 - 28 - 29 - 30 - 31 - 32 - 33 - 34 - 35 - 36 - 37 - 38 - 39 - 40 - 41-42 - 43 - 44-45 - 46 - 47 - 48 - 49 - 50 - 51 - 52 - 53 - 54
Objectives: 27 - 28 - 29 - 30 - 31 - 32 - 33 - 34 - 35 - 36 - 37 - 38 - 39 - 40 - 41-42 - 43 - 44-45 - 46 - 47 - 48 - 49 - 50 - 51 - 52 - 53 - 54
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The limbic system
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Identify the major anatomical structures of the limbic system.
See next objective.
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For each of these structures, identify its location, connectivity, functions, and clinical correlates.
| Structure | Location | Inputs | Outputs | Functions | Clinical correlates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hippocampal formation | Subcortical, posterior to amygdala and superior to parahippocampal gyrus in medial temporal lobe |
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| Learning and memory |
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| Mammillary bodies | Subcortical, very medial, posterior to anterior commissure, inferior to hypothalamus |
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| Learning and memory |
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| Anterior and dorsomedial thalamic nuclei | Thalamus |
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| Learning and memory |
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| Cingulate gyrus | Medial, superior to corpus callosum |
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| Motivation, emotion to pain |
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| Parahippocampal gyrus | Medial temporal lobe |
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| Learning and memory |
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| Amygdala | Medial temporal lobe, anterior to hippocampus |
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| Emotion: fear (chiefly), lust, curiosity |
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| Nucleus accumbens septi | Midline, comprises the nucleus accumbens and the septal nuclei |
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| Emotion, especially pleasure (nucleus accumbens) |
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| Orbital and prefrontal cortex | Medial inferior frontal lobe |
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| Emotion, especially guilt, anxiety, paranoia |
|
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Identify the major pathways of the limbic system.
- Circuit of Papez
- Hippocampus → fornix → mammillary bodies
- Mammillary bodies → mammillothalamic tract → anterior and dorsomedial thalamic nuclei
- A/DM thalamic nuclei → genu of internal capsule → cingulate gyrus
- Cingulate gyrus → cingulum → parahippocampal gyrus
- Entorhinal cortex → perforant pathway → hippocampus
- Amygdaloid efferents
- The amygdaloid efferents include the stria terminalis and (ventral) amygdalofugal pathway, which connect the paired amygdalae with the septal nuclei, nucleus accumbens, and hypothalamus.
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List the two nuclear groups of the amygdala and describe their functions.
- Basolateral nucleus
- Involved in stimulating aggressive behavior, the basolateral nucleus comprises the lateral aspect of the amygdala. When stimulated in vivo, the basolateral nucleus reduces feeding behavior and increases arousal and attention.
- Corticomedial nucleus
- Located on the medial aspect of the amygdala, the corticomedial nucleus inhibits aggressive behavior. Stimulating the nucleus results in increased feeding behavior.
